What Is PGT?
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technique used during IVF to analyze embryos for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities before they are transferred to the uterus. By selecting only genetically normal embryos, PGT can improve IVF success rates and reduce the risk of miscarriage.
Types of PGT
PGT-A (Aneuploidy Screening): The most common form. Screens embryos for the correct number of chromosomes (46). Especially valuable for women over 35.
PGT-M (Monogenic/Single Gene Disorders): Tests for specific inherited conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, BRCA mutations, and Huntington's disease.
PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements): Screens for chromosomal structural issues like translocations or inversions.
Who Should Consider PGT?
PGT-A is most commonly recommended for women over 35, patients with recurrent miscarriage, those with repeated IVF failures, and couples who want to maximize their chance of success per transfer.
The PGT Process
During an IVF cycle with PGT, embryos are grown to the blastocyst stage (day 5-7). A few cells are biopsied from the outer layer of each embryo. Embryos are frozen while the cells are sent to a genetics lab. Results typically take 1-2 weeks. Only embryos that pass testing are considered for transfer.
PGT Costs
PGT-A typically costs $2,000-$6,000 per cycle, depending on the number of embryos tested. PGT-M costs $3,000-$8,000 because it requires custom probe development. These costs are in addition to standard IVF fees.
Success Rates with PGT
Transferring a PGT-A tested, chromosomally normal embryo results in implantation rates of 60-70% and miscarriage rates below 10%. Without testing, implantation rates are typically 30-50% with higher miscarriage risk.
Limitations
PGT is not perfect. There's a small risk of damage during biopsy, and results can occasionally be inconclusive or mosaic. The decision to use PGT should be made in consultation with your reproductive endocrinologist and a genetic counselor.